Aeroplane.



H. A. ORME.

v AEROPLANE. APPLICATION FILED APR.15, I912.

1,1532%. PatentedSept. 14, 1915.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLIDTION FILED 'APR.I5.1912.

V Patontedsept. 14, 1915.

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after/un H. A. ORME.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED APH.15. I912.

Patented Sept. 14, 1915.

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AEROPLflNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 14L, 1915.

Application filed April 15, 1912. Serial No. 690,791.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY A. OnMn, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and usefullmprovement in Aeroplanes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to aeroplanes, and more particularlyto certain improvements whereby an exceedingly strong,

durable and light machine'is provided.

()ne of the objects of my invention is to provide a machine in which the planes are arranged and maintained in fixed relations at all times thereby avoiding the warping or twisting of the planes at the edges thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a machine in which the rudders will be employed not only for the purpose of steering the machine but also for the purpose of over, producing slight damage but avoiding thecomplete demolition of the machine and serious injury to the operator.

Another object of the invention is to provide a combined equalizing and elevating plane at the rear for the purpose of enabling the machine to get into the air or rise in a very short traveling distance.

Another object of, the invention is to provide movable supporting wheels at the side which serve to support the machine during the starting operation but which are thrown up out of the way during the landing opera tion permitting the machine to land upon the skids or runners, this feature of the movable supporting wheel being the subject mat ter of a patent granted to me and numbered 1,065,389 and utilized in the present form of machine in connection with the improved construction of skids.

With these various objects in \icw and also with certain other objects as will appear hereinafter, my invention consists in the novel features of construction, combination and arrangement all of which will be fully described herein and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification: Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved construction. of flying machine. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view taken about midway between the two planes, the forward portions of the skids being omitted. Fig. 3 is a detail view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2., Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the fixed and movable rear planes.

Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view on the line 66 of Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a detail end elevation showing a portion of one of the rudders.

In carrying out my invention I employ an upper plane A and a lower plane B, said planes being constructed upon a definite curve from front to rear and spaced apart and held in fixed relation from end to end by means of stanchions or posts C, and similar posts or stanchions C also serve to support the planes above the skids or runners D, said skids or runners extending forwardly a short distance and then curve upwardly as shown at D, and then carried rearwardly and upwardly and connected to the upper plane and stanchion as shown, suitable braces or struts D being employed to strengthen the peculiarly shaped skids.

A rearwardly extending frame E is connected to the upper and lower frames at the central portions thereof, "this frame being skeleton in form as shown, and at its rear end has a horizontal plane F hinged thereto, said plane F being movable up or down as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. .4, and directly in advance of the hinged plane F, and also connected to the rear end of the skeleton frame E is a fixed horizontal plane G, this lixed plane being steadied by guy wires G extending from said plane, as most clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The movable plane F is operated by wires F and F passing through guides F and F respectively, upon the to a and bottom of the rear end of the frame it said wires F and F being connected to opposite ends of a hand lever F arranged adjacent the seat of the operator andby means of which the rear plane F can be raised and lowered as desired by simply moving the hand lever back and forth to the proper position.

' Guide pulleys'F are arranged upon the lower frame to guide the wires F and F.

It will of course be understood that the rearwardly extending frame is provided with suitable braces in order to impart rigidity without materially adding to the weight of said frame.-

Between the upper and lower planes adjacent the ends thereof I arrange the,rudders H, each rudder comprising a vertical blade or wing H and a horizontal blade or wing H the vertical blade or wing being adapted to turn upon its vertical axis and each horizontal blade or wing turns upon its horizontal axis independent of the movement of the vertical wing or blade, that is the horizontal wing or blade can be moved up or down without moving the vertical blade, but when the vertical blade is moved from side to side it carries with it of course the horizontal wing or blade.

The broad features of this articular construction of rudder are em odied'in' my Patent 1,074,063, and it will be understood that the vertical wing or blade is slotted as shown at H in order to permit the movement of the horizontal blade or wing, thls movement of the horizontal blade or wing being accomplished by wires H extending from said horizontal blade or wing through or around suitable guides H to the opposite ends of a hand lever H and the rudder as a whole isturned from side to side by means posite side will be oppositely operated and when the other hand lever is operated to turn one rudder to the right or left the other rudder will be correspondingly operated. It

will thus be understood that both rudders vertical Wings act simultaneously, the always turning in the same direction while the horizontal wings are so connected one to the other that they turn in. opposite directions, that is when the horizontal wing upon one side moves up the horizontal wing upon the opposite side moves down and by means i of this construction shorter and more even turns are made possible. Any suitable con-v struction of engine may be employed and arranged upon one side of the operator and the power of this engine-is connected to the I two propellers K through the medium of shafts, sprockets and gearing constructed and arranged in accordance with the power mechanism illustrated, described and claimed in my application filed July 15, 1911, Serial Number 638,699.

In order to render the device easily transportable I preferably construct the planes of three parts each, namely, a central por- 'tion and two end portions and these portions are securely connected by means of connecting plates L, which are clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. By means of the rearwardly extending frame carrying the fixed and movable horizontal'planes at its rear end I am able to guide the machine off the ground in a remarkably short space of time and distance, the movable plane being raised up to cause the machine to quickly mount upwardly. During the flight of the machine this movable plane can be raised or lowered for the purpose of causin move up or down as desire By having the main planes fixed with relation'to each other from end to end at all times and providing the compound rudders between the ends of these planes I provide a machine of exceeding lightness, quick in action, and unusually stable. It will thus be seen that I provide an improved construction of aeroplane capable of carrying out and accomplishing the machine to all of the operations hereinbefore referred to. i

What I claim is:

1. In an aeroplane, the combination with main upper and lower fixed planes spaced apart, of vertical rudders pivoted between and extending to the rear of the fixed planes and adjacent the ends of said planes, balancing planes moving with said rudder planes and adapted to swing independent of the rudder planes and at an angle to the plane of movement of said rudder planes, said balancing planes extending to the rear and beyond the ends of the fixed planes, and means for controlling the rudder and balancing planes.

2. In an aeroplane, the combination with fixed upper and lower planes spaced by front and rear posts, of vertical rudders carried by said rear posts and adapted to swing from side toside, vertically movable balancing planes carried by the rudders and projecting beyond the fixed planes, a rearwardly extending frame, a fixed plane arranged horizontally in said frame and in a plane midway the upper and lower first mentioned planes, and intermediate said rudders, and a vertically movable plane arranged in the rearof the last mentioned fixed plane and forming when in a horizontal position a continuation of the fixed plane.

HARRY ANTHONY ORME' Witnesses:

E. B. MCBATH, OLIVER W. HOLMES. 

